Director–The director of a film is in charge of making the movie come to life. As well as planning the shots deciding what should be going on in their movie at a given time, the director is the person with the responsibility of making a film the film that it needs to be. The director has the final say on most aspects of a movie.
Director of Photography/ Cinematographer– The cinematographer is the person who makes a movie look the way it does. They are usually in charge of most of the visual aesthetic qualities of a film, as well as more technical things like, for instance, what lenses to use for a shot.
Cinematography– Both the aesthetic and technical elements effecting how the movie looks and is seen.
Composition– How all of the aspects of a shot or scene are... composed. What is where? What is what? What is that? Who is where?
Close Up– The object of our attention takes up most of the screen. If the object is a person, then you can only see their face.
Long Shot– The object of our attention is shot from a distance. You should be able to see an entire person and their surroundings.
Medium Shot– The level of detail and the amount of things on screen is inbetween the two.
Establishing Shot– A quick shot of the location for context.
Low Angle– Camera is supposed to be below the object of our attention.
High Angle– Camera is above the object of our attention.
Eye Level– Camera is at a level, neutral angle.
Cut– A switch to a new shot.
Fade– The image on screen fades out to black.
Dissolve– Image on screen fades into a new image/ shot.
Parallel Editing– Cutting in between two seemingly unrelated shots to show that they are related and/or occuring simultaneously.
Eye-Line Match– Shot of a person's reaction to an event or object, and then a cut to that event or object.
Pan– Movement of the camera.
Zoom– The camera is stationary, but the frame shrinks or grows.
Dolly– Camera is being moved on something.
High Key– Bright, intense lighting.
Low Key– Dark and subtle lighting. Lots of shadows!
Side/ Bottom– The light is only on one side of the object of attention.
Front Lighting– The objects of attention are directly and pleasently lit.
Mixed Lighting– Mixture of lighting techniques within a single shot. Often creates a strange or uncomfortable atmosphere.
Diagetic– In universe music or sound. It's really happening in the movie.
Non-diagetic– Music or sound that is there only for the viewers enjoyment. It doesn't affect any of the characters in the movie.